The Dangers of Political Polarisation: A Threat to Democracy

 Political polarisation threatens the core of democratic societies, manifesting as deep divisions in political beliefs and ideologies. This phenomenon has become increasingly evident in Nigeria and the United States, where political divides undermine social cohesion and democratic integrity. By examining the implications of polarisation in these contexts, we can better understand its risks and explore potential solutions.

Political Polarisation in Nigeria

Nigeria's democratic landscape is fraught with political polarisation, a trend that has intensified since the country’s independence in 1960. Political violence has frequently erupted, but recent elections have exacerbated these divisions. The election of Bola Ahmed Tinubu of the APC in February 2023, and the rise of the Labour Party (LP) and its candidate, Peter Obi, have deepened the rift between political factions.

The divide between APC and PDP, and the emergence of LP, has led to heightened animosity among Nigerians. The political climate is marked by an "us versus them" mentality, where supporters of different parties view each other with distrust and hostility. This division is not merely political but has become personal, as evidenced by the backlash faced by public figures like Toyin Abraham, who received threats for her political support.

"Political divides in Nigeria often lead to severe personal attacks and a lack of constructive dialogue," says political analyst Dr. Chuka Okoye. "This environment stifles progress and undermines democratic engagement."

Political Polarization in the United States

Political polarization in the United States is similarly alarming. Scholars distinguish between ideological polarisation, which refers to differences in policy positions, and affective polarisation, which involves deep-seated antipathy towards the opposing party. This divide has become more pronounced over the past few decades, with significant implications for governance and societal cohesion.

Evidence of Deepening Divides

The Pew Research Center’s 2020 study highlights the stark partisan divide on climate change, where only 21% of Republicans view it as a top priority compared to 78% of Democrats. This divergence extends beyond policy to affective polarization, where members of different parties view each other with increasing hostility.

Following the shooting of former President Donald Trump on July 13, 2024, political violence and polarization have been thrust into the spotlight. Lilliana Mason, an associate professor at Johns Hopkins University, notes that political violence often arises in societies deeply divided along identity lines. "When people see their political opponents as enemies, it fosters an environment ripe for dehumanisation and violence," Mason explains.

Common Threats and Consequences

Nigeria and the U.S. demonstrate that political polarization undermines democratic principles by fostering division and eroding trust. In deeply polarized democracies, opposition parties are often seen as existential threats, leading to undemocratic actions and increased societal discord. The media's role in amplifying conflicts and perpetuating biases further exacerbates these divides.

Addressing Polarization

To counteract political polarisation, societies must prioritize open dialogue, empathy, and a shared commitment to the common good. In Nigeria, this involves moving beyond partisan biases to focus on national interests. In the U.S., it requires reducing affective polarisation and addressing the root causes of ideological divides.

 "Democracy aims to unify people under one umbrella, not to divide them," says Dr. Emily Turner, a political scientist. "By fostering understanding and encouraging respectful debate, we can build a more harmonious and resilient democratic society."

Political polarisation poses significant threats to democratic governance and social stability. Addressing this issue requires individual and collective efforts to bridge divides and foster unity. By promoting understanding, encouraging respectful dialogue, and seeking common ground, we can safeguard democracy and work towards a more inclusive and effective political system.